Models

These models will help guide you through abusive behaviours and help identify healthy behaviours too.

A pyramid diagram illustrating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, with levels from bottom to top: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization, each labeled with descriptions. 
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: If we can meet the basic needs of people, we can begin working on their deeper needs. If the basic needs aren’t met, people are in a constant state of angst. This model is accessible from SimplyPsychology.org.
Diagram illustrating various forms of child abuse including intimidation, threats, using adult privilege, hitting, kicking, twisting arms, choking, violence, using institutions, isolation, emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual touching, kissing, and committing incest, with contact information for domestic abuse intervention programs in Duluth, Minnesota.

Abuse of Children wheel shows the ways children are harmed in domestic violence.

Diagram illustrating various forms of abuse, control, and power in a circular format with sections labeled Physical, Sexual, and Psychological abuse, detailing behaviors such as coercion, intimidation, emotional abuse, and exploitation in the workplace and personal relationships. 
Duluth power and control wheel shows the different types of abusive behaviours that occur in domestic violence relationships. Each section highlights specific behaviours which can cross over into more than one category.
A circular infographic titled "Children's Domestic Abuse Wheel" showing how violence affects children. Sections include Isolation, Emotional Abuse, Physical & Mental Effects, Sexual Abuse, Using Children, Threats, Sexual Stereotyping, and Intimidation, each with detailed bullet points.

Childrens Wheels - How Violence Affects Children (Domestic Abuse Intervention Project). This shows how domestic violence affects children breaking it down into categories.

A circular diagram illustrating principles of non-violence and equality, including negotiation, respect, trust, honesty, parental responsibility, shared responsibility, economic partnership, and non-threatening behavior. 
The Equality Wheel (Domestic Abuse Intervention Project)shows what a healthy relationship looks like. People who have experienced abuse often are unable to identify healthy relationships as they have learnt to change their behaviour to suit the abuser.
Circular infographic titled "Love and Care for Your Children" with six segments around a central pink circle labeled "Nurturing Children." Segments include: Trust and Respect, Promote Emotional Security, Provide Physical Security, Provide Discipline, Give Time, Encourage and Support, Give Affection, and Care for Yourself. Each segment contains bullet points elaborating on the topic.

Nurturing Children Wheel (Domestic Abuse Intervention Project) shows how you can nurture your child. It may seem difficult at the beginning, but if you are consistent, you will see the changes whether it is your own child or a child you are working with.

Diagram of Muslim Power and Control Wheel illustrating various forms of violence and abuse, including physical, emotional, sexual, and economic, with specific examples for each type. 
Muslim Power and Control Wheel (Dr Shareefa AlKhateeb) adapted from the Duluth Power and Control Wheel shows how religious behaviours are used in domestic violence.
Diagram of trauma recovery model with layers from foundational belief at the bottom to confidence achieving goals at the top, including sections for layers of intervention, presentation/behavior, and underlying need.

Trauma Recovery Model (Trisha Skuse & Tony Matthews): Right side shows the underlying needs requiring attention. The triangle shows how trauma presents itself - you can see the chaos and complexity in managing trauma. Left side shows the interventions required to manage the presenting behaviour.

A complex maze that can be worked through - being Trauma Informed is ONLY the first step but it's a big step.